India is a treasure trove of earthworm biodiversity, standing out as one of the most richly documented regions in Asia. Currently, 471 valid species and subspecies of earthworms have been recorded across the country, spanning 9 families and 72 genera including those found in Andaman, Nicobar and Lakshadweep Islands. The country is home to an extraordinary diversity of species, particularly from three major families: Megascolecidae with 202 species (175 native), Acanthodrilidae with 127 species (126 native), and Moniligastridae with 93 all native species. Within these families thrive some of the most diverse and ecologically significant genera: in Moniligastridae Drawida (77 species); in Megascolecidae Perionyx (52 species), Megascolex (35 species) and Argilophilus (23 species); in Acanthodrilidae Eutyphoeus (29 species), Hoplochaetella (20 species) and Octochaetona (15 species).This incredible diversity not only highlights India's vital role in soil ecology and ecosystem health but also makes it a fascinating hub for researchers, conservationists, and nature enthusiasts passionate about uncovering the hidden wonders beneath our feet.